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Physical
Education
Grade
Level: Kindergarten
- Grade 5
Benefits
of Exercise to Health and Life
Students are expected to know and be
able to do the following:
Topic:
Regular Exercise
1. List as many different sports, activities and means of
exercise as possible.
2. Survey two adults who exercise regularly and describe
the types of exercise the adults do and when they are able to
fit exercise into their daily routine.
3. Examine how they are physically active for 60 minutes
each day.
Topic:
Disease
1. Articulate that regular exercise helps to keep you
healthy.
2. Give examples of certain diseases that regular exercise
may help you prevent.
Topic:
Training Principles
1. Define regular exercise as being active each day
(frequency).
2. Practices a lifestyle of getting an hour of physical
activity each day (time).
3. Understand that people can exercise hard or easy
(intensity).
Topic:
Personal Health and Fitness
1. Justifies
how each person is responsible for their own fitness.
Muscular
Development
Students are expected to know and be able to
do the following:
Topic: Muscle
Groups
1.
Compare the sizes and functions of different muscle
groups.
2.
Explain the relationship between muscles and the skeletal
system.
3.
Show where there are large, small and mid-sized muscles
on their bodies.
Body Composition/Weight Management
Students are
expected to know and be able to do the following:
Topic:
Nutrients
1. Identify fat as a nutrient used in the body for
energy, warmth, and transportation of vitamins and provides
protection for internal organs.
2. State that daily food intake for kids should
contain no more than 30% fat.
3.
Complete a worksheet identifying fats, oils and sweets.
4. Identify the food groups.
Topic:
BMI/Body Composition
1. Distinguish that people have different sizes and
shapes.
2. State that water makes up approximately 65% of
our body.
3. Determine their own BMI using a BMI chart.
4. Explain that everyone has some fat.
5. Recognize that too much fat or too little fat is
not good for you, and that you should strive to have the right
amount of fat.
Topic:
Calories
1. Define a calorie as a measure for energy their
bodies need for normal daily activities.
2. Complete a worksheet on calories and activities.
Topic:
Training Principles
1. Apply the concepts of frequency, intensity, time,
overload, progression and specificity; and then relate body
composition and weight management to controllable health risk
factors.
Topic:
Weight Control
1. Explain that to lose body fat, you can decrease
caloric intake, increase caloric expenditure, or use a
combination of the two.
2. State that fat cells were formed before they were
born, year one, and during adolescence.
3. Discuss that exercise can control the amount of
body fat because exercise burns calories and/or fat for energy.
Topic:
Metabolism
1. Articulate that food gives your body energy.
2. State that if food is not used for energy, it can
turn into fat.
Topic:
Health Risk Factors
1. Identify that too much or too little fat is a
health risk.
2. Identify that heart disease is a health hazard of
excessive fat.
Care and Prevention of Injuries
Students are expected to know and be
able to do the following:
Topic:
Conditioning
1. Articulate that many different sports such as
soccer, basketball, swimming, softball, etc. can be used to
improve and maintain physical fitness.
2. Apply the concepts of frequency, intensity, time,
overload, progression, specificity, and relate care and
prevention of injuries to controllable health risk factors.
Topic:
Climate/Prevention
1. Identify the importance of dressing warmly when
playing in cold weather such as snow.
2. Discuss the need to drink a lot of water and
dressing cool when exercising in hot weather.
3. Identify the importance of drinking water to
replace the sweat they lose when exercising.
4. Explain why sun screen should be applied to
exposed skin on sunny days.
Topic: Treatment
1. Articulate that ice should be placed on a body
part that is twisted during activity and rest until the pain
goes away.
Topic:
Training Principles
1. Identify that intensity should be modified to
match the existing weather conditions.
2. Articulate that regular exercise and conditioning
may prevent injuries (frequency).
Topic:
Safety
1. Identify that helmets should be worn when bike
riding.
2. Identify that helmets, wrist guards, knee and
elbow pads should be worn when in-line skating, skate boarding,
and scooter riding.
3. Explain why certain types of footwear should be
worn for specific activities.
Skeletal Fitness
Students are
expected to know and be able to do the following:
Topic: Nutrition
1. State that calcium is essential for building
strong bones and teeth.
2. Give examples of foods rich in calcium.
Topic:
Physical Activity
1. State that physical activity and nutrition can
affect the health of your skeletal system.
2. List types of weight bearing exercises and
activities.
Topic:
Skeletal Physiology
1. State that bones have different shapes and sizes.
2. Communicate that muscles attach to bone.
3. Explain that when muscles move your bones that
your body moves.
4. State that your body is able to stay upright
because of the strength of your bones.
5. Define the function of bones (like steel girders
in a building, bones serve as a framework to give support).
Bones serve to support the body and they also provide
protection for certain internal organs.
Topic:
Training Principles
1. Identify that increasing overload will help to
increase bone density.
2. Articulate that proper progression of weight
bearing activities can help promote bone density.
3. Identify that specificity can help increase bone
density.
Respiratory Benefits of Exercise
Students are expected to know and be
able to do the following:
Topic:
Respiration
1. Define inhaling and exhaling
Topic:
Aerobic and Anaerobic Activity
1. Articulate that they use the oxygen in the air as
fuel for muscles.
Topic:
Lungs
1. Articulate that they have two lungs.
2. Explain that the air you breathe goes into the
lungs.
3. Identify lungs when shown a picture.
4. Articulate that the better shape you are in, the
more air you can bring into the lungs.
Topic:
Disease
1. Identify asthma as a condition that causes
difficulty breathing.
2. Articulate that if air is polluted, you bring in
oxygen and pollutants into your lungs.
Topic:
Regular Exercise
1. Articulate that they breathe faster when they
exercise.
2. Discuss why they breathe faster when they
exercise.
Topic:
Training Principles
1. Identify that the more aerobic exercise you
perform, the healthier the lungs become (Time, Progression).
2. Identify that aerobic exercise is good for the
lungs (Specificity).
3. Articulate that regular aerobic exercise is good
for the lungs (Frequency).
Cardio-Respiratory Fitness
Students are
expected to know and be able to do the following:
Topic:
Physiology of the Heart
1. State that the heart is a muscle that pumps blood
to your muscles and body.
2.
Identify that the heart is a muscle approximately the
size of your fist.
3.
Locate the heart in the middle of the chest.
Topic:
Training Principles
1.
Explain that exercise is a way to strengthen the heart
muscle.
2.
Understand that regularly increasing heart rate through
regular exercise increases the strength of your heart rate
(frequency).
3.
Understand that one hour of exercise is recommended each
day (time).
4.
State that exercising in your heart rate zone strengthens
the heart muscle (intensity).
Topic:
Heart Rate
1.
Explain that pulse changes with activity.
2.
Define heart rate as the number of beats per minute.
3.
Understand that your heart rate tells you how hard you
are working.
4.
Define heart rate zone.
5.
Demonstrate taking their pulse.
6.
Locate two areas to find your pulse rate.
Topic:
Risk Factors
1.
Identify that activity is good for your body.
2.
State that being active helps you look and feel good.
3.
State that regular exercise can help reduce the chance of
heart disease.
Flexibility
Students are expected to know and be
able to do the following:
Topic:
Stretching
1. Identify that a way to increase flexibility is to
stretch.
2. Identify that stretching produces elastic
elongation that increases the extensibility of muscles.
3. Identify that stretching helps your muscles get
ready for exercise.
4. Perform flexibility exercises as a part of the
warm-up and cool down segments of class.
Topic:
Terms
1. Define the following terms:
-
Flexibility
– the ability to move body joints through a full range
of motion.
-
Range
of motion – the natural distance and direction of
movement of a joint.
-
Stretching
– increasing the range of motion
-
Joint
– the point where two bones come together.
Topic:
Safety
1. State some of the reasons for stretching to
increase flexibility and to reduce the risk of injury, reduce
the chance of low back pain, and help relieve emotional tension.
2. Identify the following safety rules for
stretching:
-
Ballistic
stretching has the potential for causing injury.
-
Using
partners to help you get extra stretch can cause injury
because they do not know how much pain you are in and may
force your body part too far.
-
Start
at a proper level and know when to increase the frequency,
intensity, or amount of time of flexibility exercises.
-
Stretch
according to what you feel not according to what others
do.
-
Include
flexibility with cardiovascular and muscular strength
training programs to prevent muscle imbalance from
occurring.
Topic:
Training Principles
1. Discuss that to increase flexibility, one must
engage in a deliberate training program.
This could be in the form of a separate flexibility
program or combined with the warm-up and cool-down phases of
your overall fitness program.
2. State that proper stretching should contain the
following elements:
-
Method
– use static stretch
-
Frequency
– stretch each muscle group daily if possible, but at
least three days a week.
Stretch before and after work outs.
-
Intensity
– stretch muscles beyond their normal length. They should feel stretch sensations in the muscles and
not in the joint.
-
Time
– hold each stretch 15-30 seconds to feel the tightness
release.
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